Tigers in INDIA

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According to the latest tiger census report released on March 28, 2011 by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), the current tiger population estimated is 1,706 (i.e. ranging between a minimum  of 1,571 to a maximum of 1,875). The results include figures from 17 states with tiger population. In 2008 the tiger population figure stood at 1,411. For a detailed report on the 2011 NTCA tiger estimation please refer to the following link:
NTCA, 2011 Detailed tiger Estimation Report

HISTORY & CONSERVATION:

Bengal Tiger is a tiger subspecies native to the Bengal region of South Asia, and is the National Animal of India and Bangladesh. In India, the tiger is found practically throughout the country, from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin, except in Punjab, Kutch and the deserts of Rajasthan. In the northeast, its range extends into Burma. Tigers occupy a variety of habitats including tropical evergreen forests, deciduous forests, mangrove swamps, thorn forests and grass jungles.  

During their evolutionary history, tigers split into eight subspecies. All the subspecies were alive until 1940. However, during the next three decades, three subspecies became extint.

Bengal Tiger
The 5 surviving subspecies are:


  • Bengal Tiger
  • Siberian (Amurian) Tiger
  • Sumatran Tiger
  • Indo-Chinese Tiger
  • South China Tiger

    • Siberian (Amurian) Tiger
    Sumatran Tiger
    Indo-Chinese Tiger

    South China Tiger
    Javan Tiger

     The 3 extinct subspecies are:

    • Javan Tiger- Extinct since early 1980'
    • Bali Tiger- Extinct since the 1940'
    • Caspian Tiger- Extinct since the early 1970's


    Bali Tiger
    Caspian Tiger

    After, when some of the tiger species get extinct and some of them were on the door of extinction then the, Project Tiger was launched in India during 1973, with the goal of saving the tiger and its habitat in India. With an initial list of 9 Tiger reserves, this Project went on to cover 28 Tiger Reserves across the country, incorporating an area of 37,761 sq. km. Though this Project tackled various issues over the past 20 years, it had not been able to keep pace with the rapid changes that have changed the tiger landscape and increased human pressures. In 2006, it was replaced by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCS).

    The strategy for tiger conservation in India revolves around the NTCS an the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Between the mid 1970's and mid 1980's, many protected areas (66 National Parks and 421 Wildlife Sanctuaries) were set aside, including large tracts of tiger habitat. They were later increased to 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries and 44 Conservation Reserves and 4 Community Reserves. This resulted in an increase in tiger densities to many locations. Rampant Poaching for the trade in tiger parts- all destined for markets outside India's borders- now threatens the tiger's very existence.

    Since 1994, Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) has made a concreted effort to gather accurate information on tiger poaching occurring throughout India. A total of 923 tigers are known to have been killed from 1994-2010. An undercover investigation by the WPSI and the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) in 2005 revealed that the trade in tiger and leopard body parts in China continues to thrive, operating without any hindrance from the Chinese government whilst driving India's wild tiger closer towards extinction.

    Despite all these problems, India still holds the best chances for saving the tiger in the wild. Tigers occurs in 1 8 states with in the Republic of India, with 10 States reportedly having population in excess of 100 tigers. There are still areas with relatively large tiger populations and extensive tracts of protected habitat. But probably the most effective way to implement tiger conservation action in India today is to enhance NGO participation. There are a number of dedicated organisations that are effectively involved in hands-on tiger conservation. They keep the issue energized on a national level and tenaciously try to increase political will to secure the tiger's future. The Indian conservation and scientific community is now a proven force. It needs to be strengthened.

    We need to make a concerted effort to combat poaching and habitat loss, if this magnificent animal is to survive in the future.
    Location: Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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